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Margaret Jessie Chung ((中国語:張瑪珠), – ), born in Santa Barbara, California, was the first known American-born Chinese female physician. After graduating from the University of Southern California in 1916 and completing her internship and residency in Illinois, she established one of the first Western medical clinics in San Francisco's Chinatown in the early 1920s. She achieved recognition during the 1930s and 1940s for her patriotic activities on behalf of China and the United States. As part of her efforts to support the allied forces, she "adopted" over one thousand "sons," most of whom were white American military men. Known as "Mom Chung," she entertained, corresponded with, and inspired her sons to fight against the Japanese invasion of China. Newspaper articles consistently noted two seemingly contradictory aspects of her character: First, Chung, then in her forties and fifties, was a successful doctor who never married or bore children. Second, she was a devoted mother to her adopted sons, who called themselves "Fair-Haired Bastards," because of their racial background and her status as an unmarried woman. A pioneer in both professional and political realms, Chung led an unconventional personal life. As a female medical student in an otherwise all-male school, she adopted masculine dress and called herself "Mike," but after having established a professional practice she reverted to conventional dress and her female name. She had close and apparently intense relationships with at least two other women,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in America )〕 the writer Elsa Gidlow and entertainer Sophie Tucker, that some writers have speculated were romantic. Although she was briefly engaged, she never did marry. An advocate of strong Sino-American relations, Chung was a friend and confidante of travel writer Richard Halliburton (1900-1939), who died in an attempt to sail the junk ''Sea Dragon'', as a symbol of the bond of East and West, from Hong Kong to the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco. == Commemorations == She was commemorated with a plaque in the Legacy Walk project on October 11, 2012, as well as being the namesake of a tunnel boring machine for the San Francisco Municipal Railway's Central Subway on March 7, 2013.〔http://www.centralsubwayblog.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Press-Release-Introducing-Big-Alma-and-Mom-Chung-the-Central-Subway%E2%80%99s-Tunnel-Boring-Machines-03.07.13.pdf〕 In 2012 she was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display which celebrates LGBT history and people. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margaret Chung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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